Subject: Humira and Biosimilars SGM 2008-A P2024a

Drug

Humira and Biosimilars

HUMIRA  (adalimumab)

ABRILADA  (adalimumab-afzb)

AMJEVITA  (adalimumab-atto)

CYLTEZO  (adalimumab-adbm)

HADLIMA  (adalimumab-bwwd)

HULIO  (adalimumab-fkjp)

HYRIMOZ  (adalimumab-adaz)

IDACIO  (adalimumab-aacf)

SIMLANDI  (adalimumab-ryvk)

YUFLYMA  (adalimumab-aaty)

YUSIMRY  (adalimumab-aqvh)

adalimumab (unbranded Humira)

adalimumab-aacf (unbranded Idacio)

adalimumab-aaty (unbranded Yuflyma)

adalimumab-adaz (unbranded Hyrimoz)

adalimumab-adbm (unbranded Cyltezo)

adalimumab-fkjp (unbranded Hulio)

adalimumab-ryvk (unbranded Simlandi)

Policy:

Indications

The indications below including FDA-approved indications and compendial uses are considered a covered benefit provided that all the approval criteria are met and the member has no exclusions to the prescribed therapy.

FDA-approved Indications^1-18

• Reducing signs and symptoms, inducing major clinical response, inhibiting the progression of structural damage, and improving physical function in adult patients with moderately to severely active rheumatoid arthritis (RA).
• Reducing signs and symptoms of moderately to severely active polyarticular juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) in patients 2 years of age and older.
• Reducing signs and symptoms, inhibiting the progression of structural damage, and improving physical function in adult patients with active psoriatic arthritis (PsA).
• Reducing signs and symptoms in adult patients with active ankylosing spondylitis (AS).
• Treatment of moderately to severely active Crohn’s disease (CD) in adult and pediatric patients 6 years of age and older.
• Treatment of moderately to severely active ulcerative colitis (UC) in adult and pediatric patients 5 years of age and older.
  Limitations of Use: The effectiveness of Humira has not been established in patients who have lost response to or were intolerant to tumor necrosis factor (TNF) blockers.
• Treatment of adult patients with moderate to severe chronic plaque psoriasis (PsO) who are candidates for systemic therapy or phototherapy, and when other systemic therapies are medically less appropriate.
• Treatment of moderate to severe hidradenitis suppurativa in patients 12 years of age and older.
• Treatment of non-infectious intermediate, posterior, and panuveitis in adults and pediatric patients 2 years of age and older.

Compendial Uses

• Non-radiographic axial spondyloarthritis⁴³
• Behcet's disease^36,43
• Pyoderma gangrenosum^33-35,44
• Oligoarticular juvenile idiopathic arthritis^24,56
• Immune checkpoint inhibitor-related toxicity- inflammatory arthritis⁵²

All other indications are considered experimental/investigational and not medically necessary.

Documentation

Submission of the following information is necessary to initiate the prior authorization review:

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA)

Initial requests

• Chart notes, medical record documentation, or claims history supporting previous medications tried (if applicable), including response to therapy. If therapy is not advisable, documentation of clinical reason to avoid therapy.
• Laboratory results, chart notes, or medical record documentation of biomarker testing (i.e., rheumatoid factor [RF], anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide [anti-CCP], and C-reactive protein [CRP] and/or erythrocyte sedimentation rate [ESR]) (if applicable).

Continuation requests

Chart notes or medical record documentation supporting positive clinical response.

Articular juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA)

Initial requests

Chart notes, medical record documentation, or claims history supporting previous medications tried (if applicable), including response to therapy.

Continuation requests

Chart notes or medical record documentation supporting positive clinical response.

Ankylosing spondylitis (AS), non-radiographic axial spondyloarthritis (nr-axSpA), psoriatic arthritis (PsA), hidradenitis suppurativa, uveitis (non-infectious intermediate, posterior and panuveitis), and immune checkpoint inhibitor-related toxicity

Initial requests

Chart notes, medical record documentation, or claims history supporting previous medications tried (if applicable), including response to therapy. If therapy is not advisable, documentation of clinical reason to avoid therapy.

Continuation requests

Chart notes or medical record documentation supporting positive clinical response.

Crohn’s disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC)

Continuation requests

Chart notes or medical record documentation supporting positive clinical response to therapy or remission.

Plaque psoriasis (PsO)

Initial requests

• Chart notes or medical record documentation of affected area(s) and body surface area (BSA) affected (if applicable).
• Chart notes, medical record documentation, or claims history supporting previous medications tried (if applicable), including response to therapy. If therapy is not advisable, documentation of clinical reason to avoid therapy.

Continuation requests

Chart notes or medical record documentation of decreased body surface area (BSA) affected and/or improvement in signs and symptoms.

Behcet’s disease

Chart notes, medical record documentation, or claims history supporting previous medications tried, including response to therapy (if applicable).

Pyoderma gangrenosum (initial requests only)

Chart notes, medical record documentation, or claims history supporting previous medications tried (if applicable), including response to therapy. If therapy is not advisable, documentation of clinical reason to avoid therapy.

Prescriber Specialties

This medication must be prescribed by or in consultation with one of the following:

• Rheumatoid arthritis, articular juvenile idiopathic arthritis, ankylosing spondylitis, non-radiographic axial spondyloarthritis, and Behcet’s disease: rheumatologist
• Psoriatic arthritis and hidradenitis suppurativa: rheumatologist or dermatologist
• Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis: gastroenterologist
• Plaque psoriasis and pyoderma gangrenosum: dermatologist
• Uveitis: ophthalmologist or rheumatologist
• Immune checkpoint inhibitor-related toxicity: oncologist, hematologist, or rheumatologist

Coverage Criteria

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA)^{1-18,21-23,47,51,54}

Authorization of 12 months may be granted for adult members who have previously received a biologic or targeted synthetic drug (e.g., Rinvoq, Xeljanz) indicated for moderately to severely active rheumatoid arthritis.

Authorization of 12 months may be granted for adult members for treatment of moderately to severely active RA when both of the following criteria are met:

• Member meets either of the following criteria:
  • Member has been tested for either of the following biomarkers and the test was positive:
    • Rheumatoid factor (RF)
    • Anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide (anti-CCP)
  • Member has been tested for ALL of the following biomarkers:
    • RF
    • Anti-CCP
    • C-reactive protein (CRP) and/or erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR)
  • Member meets either of the following criteria:
    • Member has had an inadequate response to at least a 3-month trial of methotrexate despite adequate dosing (i.e., titrated to at least 15 mg/week).
    • Member has an intolerance or contraindication to methotrexate (see Appendix A).

Articular juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA)^1-18,24,56

Authorization of 12 months may be granted for members 2 years of age or older who have previously received a biologic or targeted synthetic drug (e.g., Xeljanz) indicated for moderately to severely active articular juvenile idiopathic arthritis.

Authorization of 12 months may be granted for members 2 years of age or older for treatment of moderately to severely active articular juvenile idiopathic arthritis when any of the following criteria is met:

• Member has had an inadequate response to methotrexate or another conventional synthetic drug (e.g., leflunomide, sulfasalazine, hydroxychloroquine) administered at an adequate dose and duration.
• Member has had an inadequate response to a trial of scheduled non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and/or intra-articular glucocorticoids (e.g., triamcinolone hexacetonide) and one of the following risk factors for poor outcome:
  • Involvement of ankle, wrist, hip, sacroiliac joint, and/or temporomandibular joint (TMJ)
  • Presence of erosive disease or enthesitis
  • Delay in diagnosis
  • Elevated levels of inflammation markers
  • Symmetric disease
• Member has risk factors for disease severity and potentially a more refractory disease course (see Appendix B) and the member also meets one of the following:
  • High-risk joints are involved (e.g., cervical spine, wrist, or hip)
  • High disease activity
  • Is judged to be at high risk for disabling joint disease

Psoriatic arthritis (PsA)^{1-18,25-28,39}

Authorization of 12 months may be granted for adult members who have previously received a biologic or targeted synthetic drug (e.g., Rinvoq, Otezla) indicated for active psoriatic arthritis.

Authorization of 12 months may be granted for adult members for treatment of active psoriatic arthritis when either of the following criteria is met:

• Member has mild to moderate disease and meets one of the following criteria:
  • Member has had an inadequate response to methotrexate, leflunomide, or another conventional synthetic drug (e.g., sulfasalazine) administered at an adequate dose and duration.
  • Member has an intolerance or contraindication to methotrexate or leflunomide (see Appendix A), or another conventional synthetic drug (e.g., sulfasalazine).
  • Member has enthesitis or predominantly axial disease.
• Member has severe disease.

Ankylosing spondylitis (AS) and non-radiographic axial spondyloarthritis (nr-axSpA)^1-19,29,30

Authorization of 12 months may be granted for adult members who have previously received a biologic or targeted synthetic drug (e.g., Rinvoq, Xeljanz) indicated for active ankylosing spondylitis or active non-radiographic axial spondyloarthritis.

Authorization of 12 months may be granted for adult members for treatment of active ankylosing spondylitis or active non-radiographic axial spondyloarthritis when either of the following criteria is met:

• Member has had an inadequate response to at least two non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs).
• Member has an intolerance or contraindication to two or more NSAIDs.

Crohn’s disease (CD)^{1-18,31,32,53}

Authorization of 12 months may be granted for treatment of moderately to severely active Crohn’s disease.

Ulcerative colitis (UC)^{1-18,31,40,48}

Authorization of 12 months may be granted for treatment of moderately to severely active ulcerative colitis.

Plaque psoriasis (PsO)^{1-18,27,28,37,41,42,55}

Authorization of 12 months may be granted for adult members who have previously received a biologic or targeted synthetic drug (e.g., Sotyktu, Otezla) indicated for treatment of moderate to severe plaque psoriasis.

Authorization of 12 months may be granted for adult members for treatment of moderate to severe plaque psoriasis when any of the following criteria is met:

• Crucial body areas (e.g., hands, feet, face, neck, scalp, genitals/groin, intertriginous areas) are affected.
• At least 10% of body surface area (BSA) is affected.
• At least 3% of body surface area (BSA) is affected and the member meets either of the following criteria:
  • Member has had an inadequate response or intolerance to either phototherapy (e.g., UVB, PUVA) or pharmacologic treatment with methotrexate, cyclosporine, or acitretin.
  • Member has a clinical reason to avoid pharmacologic treatment with methotrexate, cyclosporine, and acitretin (see Appendix A).

Hidradenitis suppurativa^1-18,49,50

Authorization of 12 months may be granted for members 12 years of age or older who have previously received a biologic indicated for treatment of moderate to severe hidradenitis suppurativa.

Authorization of 12 months may be granted for members 12 years of age or older for treatment of moderate to severe hidradenitis suppurativa when either of the following is met:

• Member has had an inadequate response to an oral antibiotic used for the treatment of hidradenitis suppurativa for at least 90 days (e.g., clindamycin, metronidazole, moxifloxacin, rifampin, tetracyclines).
• Member has an intolerance or contraindication to oral antibiotics used for the treatment of hidradenitis suppurativa.

Uveitis (non-infectious intermediate, posterior and panuveitis)^{1-18,45,46,57}

Authorization of 12 months may be granted for members 2 years of age or older who have previously received a biologic indicated for non-infectious intermediate, posterior, and panuveitis.

Authorization of 12 months may be granted for members 2 years of age or older for treatment of non-infectious intermediate, posterior and panuveitis when either of the following is met:

• Member has had an inadequate response to corticosteroids or immunosuppressive therapy (e.g., azathioprine, cyclosporine, methotrexate, mycophenolate mofetil).
• Member has an intolerance or contraindication to corticosteroids and immunosuppressive therapy (e.g., azathioprine, cyclosporine, methotrexate, mycophenolate mofetil).

Behcet’s disease^36,43

Authorization of 12 months may be granted for members who have previously received Otezla or a biologic indicated for the treatment of Behcet’s disease.

Authorization of 12 months may be granted for the treatment of Behcet’s disease when the member has had an inadequate response to at least one non-biologic medication for Behcet’s disease (e.g., azathioprine, colchicine, cyclosporine, systemic corticosteroids).

Pyoderma gangrenosum^33-35,44,58

Authorization of 12 months may be granted for members who have previously received a biologic indicated for treatment of pyoderma gangrenosum.

Authorization of 12 months may be granted for treatment of pyoderma gangrenosum when either of the following is met:

• Member has had an inadequate response to corticosteroids or immunosuppressive therapy (e.g., cyclosporine or mycophenolate mofetil).
• Member has an intolerance or contraindication to corticosteroids and immunosuppressive therapy (e.g., cyclosporine, mycophenolate mofetil).

Immune checkpoint inhibitor-related toxicity⁵²

Authorization of 12 months may be granted for treatment of immune checkpoint inhibitor-related toxicity when the member has moderate or severe immunotherapy-related inflammatory arthritis and meets either of the following:

• Member has had an inadequate response to corticosteroids or a conventional synthetic drug (e.g., methotrexate, sulfasalazine, leflunomide, hydroxychloroquine).
• Member has an intolerance or contraindication to corticosteroids and a conventional synthetic drug (e.g., methotrexate, sulfasalazine, leflunomide, hydroxychloroquine).

Continuation of Therapy

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA)^{1-18,21-23,47,51,54}

Authorization of 12 months may be granted for all adult members (including new members) who are using the requested medication for moderately to severely active rheumatoid arthritis and who achieve or maintain a positive clinical response as evidenced by disease activity improvement of at least 20% from baseline in tender joint count, swollen joint count, pain, or disability.

Articular juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA)^1-18,24

Authorization of 12 months may be granted for all members 2 years of age or older (including new members) who are using the requested medication for moderately to severely active articular juvenile idiopathic arthritis and who achieve or maintain a positive clinical response as evidenced by low disease activity or improvement in signs and symptoms of the condition when there is improvement in any of the following from baseline:

• Number of joints with active arthritis (e.g., swelling, pain, limitation of motion)
• Number of joints with limitation of movement
• Functional ability

Psoriatic arthritis (PsA)^{1-18,25-28,39}

Authorization of 12 months may be granted for all adult members (including new members) who are using the requested medication for psoriatic arthritis and who achieve or maintain a positive clinical response as evidenced by low disease activity or improvement in signs and symptoms of the condition when there is improvement in any of the following from baseline:

• Number of swollen joints
• Number of tender joints
• Dactylitis
• Enthesitis
• Axial disease
• Skin and/or nail involvement
• Functional status
• C-reactive protein (CRP)

Ankylosing spondylitis (AS) and non-radiographic axial spondyloarthritis (nr-axSpA)^1-19,29,30

Authorization of 12 months may be granted for all adult members (including new members) who are using the requested medication for ankylosing spondylitis or non-radiographic axial spondyloarthritis and who achieve or maintain a positive clinical response as evidenced by low disease activity or improvement in signs and symptoms of the condition when there is improvement in any of the following from baseline:

• Functional status
• Total spinal pain
• Inflammation (e.g., morning stiffness)
• Swollen joints
• Tender joints
• C-reactive protein (CRP)

Crohn’s disease (CD)^{1-18,31,32,53}

Authorization of 12 months may be granted for all members (including new members) who are using the requested medication for moderately to severely active Crohn’s disease and who achieve or maintain remission.

Authorization of 12 months may be granted for all members (including new members) who are using the requested medication for moderately to severely active Crohn’s disease and who achieve or maintain a positive clinical response as evidenced by low disease activity or improvement in signs and symptoms of the condition when there is improvement in any of the following from baseline:

• Abdominal pain or tenderness
• Diarrhea
• Body weight
• Abdominal mass
• Hematocrit
• Appearance of the mucosa on endoscopy, computed tomography enterography (CTE), magnetic resonance enterography (MRE), or intestinal ultrasound
• Improvement on a disease activity scoring tool (e.g., Crohn’s Disease Activity Index [CDAI] score)

Ulcerative colitis (UC)^{1-18,31,40,48}

Authorization of 12 months may be granted for all members (including new members) who are using the requested medication for moderately to severely active ulcerative colitis and who achieve or maintain remission.

Authorization of 12 months may be granted for all members (including new members) who are using the requested medication for moderately to severely active ulcerative colitis and who achieve or maintain a positive clinical response as evidenced by low disease activity or improvement in signs and symptoms of the condition when there is improvement in any of the following from baseline:

• Stool frequency
• Rectal bleeding
• Urgency of defecation
• C-reactive protein (CRP)
• Fecal calprotectin (FC)
• Appearance of the mucosa on endoscopy, computed tomography enterography (CTE), magnetic resonance enterography (MRE), or intestinal ultrasound
• Improvement on a disease activity scoring tool (e.g., Ulcerative Colitis Endoscopic Index of Severity [UCEIS], Mayo score)

Plaque psoriasis (PsO)^{1-18,28,37,41,42}

Authorization of 12 months may be granted for all adult members (including new members) who are using the requested medication for moderate to severe plaque psoriasis and who achieve or maintain a positive clinical response as evidenced by low disease activity or improvement in signs and symptoms of the condition when either of the following is met:

• Reduction in body surface area (BSA) affected from baseline
• Improvement in signs and symptoms from baseline (e.g., itching, redness, flaking, scaling, burning, cracking, pain)

Hidradenitis suppurativa^1-18,49,50

Authorization of 12 months may be granted for all members 12 years of age and older (including new members) who are using the requested medication for moderate to severe hidradenitis suppurativa and who achieve or maintain a positive clinical response as evidenced by low disease activity or improvement in signs and symptoms of the condition when any of the following is met:

• Reduction in abscess and inflammatory nodule count from baseline
• Reduced formation of new sinus tracts and scarring
• Decrease in frequency of inflammatory lesions from baseline
• Reduction in pain from baseline
• Reduction in suppuration from baseline
• Improvement in frequency of relapses from baseline
• Improvement in quality of life from baseline
• Improvement on a disease severity assessment tool from baseline

Uveitis (non-infectious intermediate, posterior and panuveitis)^1-18,45,46

Authorization of 12 months may be granted for all members 2 years of age and older (including new members) who are using the requested medication for non-infectious intermediate, posterior, and panuveitis and who achieve or maintain a positive clinical response as evidenced by low disease activity or improvement in signs and symptoms of the condition when any of the following is met:

• Reduced frequency of disease flares compared to baseline
• Stability or improvement in anterior chamber (AC) cell grade compared to baseline
• Stability or improvement in vitreous haze (VH) grade compared to baseline
• Stability or improvement in visual acuity compared to baseline
• Reduction in glucocorticoid requirements from baseline
• No new active inflammatory chorioretinal and/or inflammatory retinal vascular lesions relative to baseline

Immune checkpoint inhibitor-related toxicity⁵²

Authorization of 12 months may be granted for all members (including new members) who are using the requested medication for immunotherapy-related inflammatory arthritis and who achieve or maintain a positive clinical response as evidenced by low disease activity or improvement in signs and symptoms of the condition.

All other indications

Authorization of 12 months may be granted for all members (including new members) who are using the requested medication for an indication outlined in the coverage criteria section and who achieve or maintain a positive clinical response as evidenced by low disease activity or improvement in signs and symptoms of the condition.

Other^1-18,38

For all indications: Member has had a documented negative tuberculosis (TB) test (which can include a tuberculosis skin test [TST] or an interferon-release assay [IGRA]) within 12 months of initiating therapy for persons who are naïve to biologic drugs or targeted synthetic drugs associated with an increased risk of TB.

If the screening testing for TB is positive, there must be further testing to confirm there is no active disease (e.g., chest x-ray). Do not administer the requested medication to members with active TB infection. If there is latent disease, TB treatment must be started before initiation of the requested medication.

For all indications: Member cannot use the requested medication concomitantly with any other biologic drug or targeted synthetic drug for the same indication.

Dosage and Administration

Approvals may be subject to dosing limits in accordance with FDA-approved labeling, accepted compendia, and/or evidence-based practice guidelines. For rheumatoid arthritis, member must initiate treatment with every other week dosing.

Appendix

Appendix A: Examples of Clinical Reasons to Avoid Pharmacologic Treatment with Methotrexate, Cyclosporine, Acitretin, or Leflunomide⁴²

• Clinical diagnosis of alcohol use disorder, alcoholic liver disease, or other chronic liver disease
• Drug interaction
• Risk of treatment-related toxicity
• Pregnancy or currently planning pregnancy
• Breastfeeding
• Significant comorbidity prohibits use of systemic agents (e.g., liver or kidney disease, blood dyscrasias, uncontrolled hypertension)
• Hypersensitivity
• History of intolerance or adverse event

Appendix B: Risk Factors for Articular Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis

• Positive rheumatoid factor
• Positive anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide antibodies

Pre-existing joint damage

Place of Service:

Outpatient

The above policy is based on the following references:

1. Humira [package insert]. North Chicago, IL: AbbVie Inc.; February 2024.
2. Abrilada [package insert]. New York, NY: Pfizer Inc.; April 2024.
3. adalimumab [package insert]. North Chicago, IL: AbbVie Inc.; November 2023.
4. adalimumab-aacf [package insert]. Lake Zurich, IL: Fresenius Kabi USA, LLC; June 2024.
5. adalimumab-aaty [package insert]. Jersey City, NJ: Celltrion USA, Inc.; December 2023.
6. adalimumab-adaz [package insert]. Princeton, NJ: Sandoz Inc.; June 2024.
7. adalimumab-adbm [package insert]. Ridgefield, CT: Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc.; April 2024.
8. adalimumab-fkjp [package insert]. Cambridge, MA: Biocon Biologics Inc.; December 2023.
9. adalimumab-ryvk [package insert]. Leesburg, VA: Alvotech USA Inc.; July 2024.
10. Amjevita [package insert]. Thousand Oaks, CA: Amgen Inc.; August 2023.
11. Cyltezo [package insert]. Ridgefield, CT: Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc.; April 2024.
12. Hadlima [package insert]. Jersey City, NJ: Organon & Co.; June 2024.
13. Hulio [package insert]. Morgantown, WV: Mylan Specialty L.P.; August 2023.
14. Hyrimoz [package insert]. Princeton, NJ: Sandoz Inc.; April 2024.
15. Idacio [package insert]. Lake Zurich, IL: Fresenius Kabi USA, LLC; January 2024.
16. Simlandi [package insert]. Leesburg, VA: Alvotech USA Inc.; July 2024.
17. Yuflyma [package insert]. Jersey City, NJ: Celltrion USA, Inc.; January 2024.
18. Yusimry [package insert]. Redwood City, CA: Coherus BioSciences, Inc.; September 2023.
19. van der Heijde D, Ramiro S, Landewe R, et al. 2016 Update of the international ASAS-EULAR management recommendations for axial spondyloarthritis. Ann Rheum Dis. 2017;0:1-14.
20. Sieper J, van der Heijde D, Dougados M, et al. Efficacy and safety of adalimumab in patients with non-radiographic axial spondyloarthritis: results of a randomised placebo-controlled trial (ABILITY-1). Ann Rheum Dis. 2013;72(6):815-22.
21. Smolen JS, Landewé R, Billsma J, et al. EULAR recommendations for the management of rheumatoid arthritis with synthetic and biological disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs: 2016 update. Ann Rheum Dis. 2017;0:1-18.
22. Singh JA, Saag KG, Bridges SL Jr, et al. 2015 American College of Rheumatology Guideline for the Treatment of Rheumatoid Arthritis. Arthritis Rheumatol. 2016;68(1):1-26.
23. Saag KG, Teng GG, Patkar NM, et al. American College of Rheumatology 2008 recommendations for the use of nonbiologic and biologic disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs in rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis Rheum. 2008;59(6):762-784.
24. Ringold S, Angeles-Han ST, Beukelman T, et al. 2019 American College of Rheumatology/Arthritis Foundation Guideline for the Treatment of Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis: Therapeutic Approaches for Non-Systemic Polyarthritis, Sacroiliitis, and Enthesitis. Arthritis Care Res. 2019;71(6):717-734.
25. Gossec L, Baraliakos X, Kerschbaumer A, et al. European League Against Rheumatism (EULAR) recommendations for the management of psoriatic arthritis with pharmacological therapies; 2019 update. Ann Rheum Dis. 2020;79(6):700-712.
26. Gladman DD, Antoni C, Mease P, et al. Psoriatic arthritis: epidemiology, clinical features, course, and outcome. Ann Rheum Dis 2005;64(Suppl II):ii14–ii17.
27. Coates LC, Soriano ER, Corp N, et al. Group for Research and Assessment of Psoriasis and Psoriatic Arthritis (GRAPPA): updated treatment recommendations for psoriatic arthritis 2021. Nat Rev Rheumatol. 2022;18(8):465-479.
28. Menter A, Korman NJ, Elmets CA, et al. Guidelines of care for the management of psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis. Section 6: Guidelines of care for the treatment of psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis: case-based presentations and evidence-based conclusions. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2011;65(1):137-174.
29. Braun J, van den Berg R, Baraliakos X, et al. 2010 update of the ASAS/EULAR recommendations for the management of ankylosing spondylitis. Ann Rheum Dis 2011;70:896–904.
30. Ward MM, Deodhar A, Gensler LS, et al. 2019 Update of the American College of Rheumatology/Spondylitis Association of America/Spondyloarthritis Research and Treatment Network Recommendations for the Treatment of Ankylosing Spondylitis and Nonradiographic Axial Spondyloarthritis. Arthritis Rheumatol. 2019;71(10):1599-1613.
31. Talley NJ, Abreu MT, Achkar J, et al. An evidence-based systematic review on medical therapies for inflammatory bowel disease. Am J Gastroenterol. 2011;106(Suppl 1):S2-S25.
32. Lichtenstein GR, Loftus Jr EV, Isaacs KI, et al. ACG Clinical Guideline: Management of Crohn’s Disease in Adults. Am J Gastroenterol. 2018;113:481-517.
33. Agarwal A, Andrews JM. Systematic review: IBD-associated pyoderma gangrenosum in the biologic era, the response to therapy. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2013;38(6):563-572.
34. Arguelles-Arias F, Castro-Laria L, Lobaton T, et al. Characteristics and treatment of pyoderma gangrenosum in inflammatory bowel disease. Dig Dis Sci. 2013;58(10):2949-2954.
35. Marzano AV, Ishak RS, Saibeni S, et al. Autoinflammatory skin disorders in inflammatory bowel diseases, pyoderma gangrenosum and Sweet's syndrome: A comprehensive review and disease classification criteria. Clin Rev Allergy Immunol. 2013;45(2):202-210.
36. Hatemi G, Christensen R, Bodaghi, et al. 2018 update of the EULAR recommendations for the management of Behcet’s syndrome. Ann Rheum Dis. 2018.; 77: 808-818.
37. Menter A, Strober BE, Kaplan DH, et al. Joint AAD-NPF guidelines of care for the management and treatment of psoriasis with biologics. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2019;80(4):1029-1072.
38. Testing for TB Infection. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Retrieved on August 5, 2024 from: https://www.cdc.gov/tb/testing/index.html.
39. Singh JA, Guyatt G, Ogdie A, et al. 2018 American College of Rheumatology/National Psoriasis Foundation Guideline for the Treatment of Psoriatic Arthritis. Arthritis Rheumatol. 2019;71(1):5-32.
40. Feuerstein JD, Isaacs KL, Schneider Y, et al. AGA Clinical Practice Guidelines on the Management of Moderate to Severe Ulcerative Colitis. Gastroenterology. 2020; 158:1450.
41. Menter, A, Cordero, KM, Davis, DM, et al. Joint AAD-NPF guidelines of care for the management and treatment of psoriasis in pediatric patients. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2020;82(1):161-201.
42. Menter A, Gelfand JM, Connor C, et al. Joint AAD-NPF guidelines of care for the management of psoriasis with systemic nonbiologic therapies. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2020;82(6):1445-86.
43. Micromedex® (electronic version). IBM Watson Health, Greenwood Village, Colorado, USA. Available at: https://www.micromedexsolutions.com. Accessed August 6, 2024.https://www.micromedexsolutions.com.
44. George C, Deroide F, Rustin M. Pyoderma gangrenosum – a guide to diagnosis and management. Clin Med. 2019;19(3): 224-8.
45. Jaffe G, Dick A, Brezin A, et al. Adalimumab in Patients with Active Noninfectious Uveitis. N Engl J Med. 2016; 375: 932-943.
46. Nguyen QD, Merrill P, Jaffe G, et al. Adalimumab for prevention of uveitic flare in patients with inactive non-infectious uveitis controlled by corticosteroids (VISUAL II): a multicentre, double-masked, randomized, placebo-controlled phase 3 trial. Lancet. 2016; 388(10050):1183-92.
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April 18, 2025