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Infographic: How to spot depression and anxiety: Your guide to mental health
By Christina Joseph
Everyone gets butterflies in their stomach when stepping into unfamiliar territory, and it’s completely normal to feel sad or blue when something doesn’t go your way. But if your sadness lingers for more than two weeks or your nervousness or worrying interferes with your ability to function, you could be suffering from depression or an anxiety disorder.
Depression and anxiety are two of the most common mental illnesses in the United States. They affect the way you feel, how you think, whether you can eat or sleep — making life a daily struggle. “If you are totally paralyzed and that does not allow you to continue with your regular life, then it’s a problem,” says Dr. Gabriela Cora, a board-certified psychiatrist and the medical director for Aetna Behavioral Health.
Many people confuse depression with sadness. Both can be triggered by a stressful event, such as financial woes or the loss of a loved one. And while some of the symptoms are similar — crying, feeling down or feeling upset — people who are diagnosed with a major depressive disorder often don’t feel any joy and can’t seem to snap out of it. It eventually causes them to withdraw from family and friends, grow weary or restless, and feel a sense of impending doom.
People with depression can also have anxiety, which often causes irrational fear. Disorders include generalized anxiety disorder, panic disorder, social anxiety disorder or other phobias. Though anxiety is a serious medical condition that should be treated, only one-third of those suffering from it receive medical treatment, according to the Anxiety and Depression Association of America.
Whether you have depression or anxiety (or both), the most important thing is not to ignore the warning signs and to seek help, Dr. Cora says. In most cases, these conditions will only get worse if they go unchecked. (If you’re concerned there’s a danger of self-harm, call 911 or the National Suicide Prevention Lifeline at 800-273-8255 or 800-799-4889.) “Depression and anxiety are treatable conditions just like any other medical issues,” she adds. “The earlier the diagnosis, the earlier the intervention, the better outcome.”
Aetna offers a free online mental health assessment here to the public.
Or, if you’re an Aetna member, you can access telehealth providers who can provide affordable consultations via online video conferencing or phone. Click here for a directory of healthcare providers.
Once you get help, you can begin to heal. “People with depression or anxiety can find joy again, feel fulfilled, and continue to study, work and connect with loved ones,” Dr. Cora says.
Recognize the signs
When could feelings of sadness or nervousness be a sign of something more? Get the facts about depression and anxiety—two of the most common mental illnesses—in case you need help.
Sadness is a normal human emotion.
Everyone feels sad sometimes.
You might feel blue, cry or have trouble sleeping.
Sadness is temporary and fades over time.
Depression may be a serious medical problem.
It affects how you feel, think and act.
You might not eat, sleep or want to work.
Depression is not uncommon.
It can be treated effectively.
16.2 million adults in the U.S. had at least one major depressive episode in 2016.
1/2 of those with depression also have anxiety.
Occasional anxiety is normal.
Does your nervousness make you sick?
Do you have unfounded fears?
If worrying causes distress and affects your daily living, it could be serious.
You are not alone.
40 million adults in the U.S. are affected by anxiety.
2x women are twice as likely to be affected by anxiety as men.
Depression
Isolation
Suicidal thoughts
Persistent sadness
Loss of interest in activities
Alcohol and drug abuse
Agitation
No concentration
Irritability
Irregular sleep
Unexplained physical symptoms
Depression symptoms must be present for more than two weeks. If you are thinking about harming yourself, seek help immediately.
Anxiety
Agitation
No concentration
Irritability
Irregular sleep
Unexplained physical symptoms
Avoiding social situations
Panic attacks
Muscle tension
Unfounded fear
Constant worrying
To be diagnosed with an anxiety disorder, you must experience three or more anxiety symptoms on most days for six months. If you are thinking about harming yourself, seek help immediately.
Check your insurance — See what treatment options your plan covers.
Take care of yourself — Make some lifestyle changes. (eat better, exercise, sleep more, relax)
Seek counseling — Find a licensed professional who can determine whether therapy, medication (or both) is best for you.
Get virtual assistance — Talk to a professional via phone or video. (Televideo is available to Aetna members.)
Sources: National Institute of Mental Health, Anxiety and Depression Association of America
About the author
Christina Joseph Robinson is a veteran editor and writer from New Jersey who still loves to read the old-fashioned newspaper. She’s raising two fruit-and-veggie loving daughters to balance all the treats Grandma sends their way. Christina’s health goal is to resume her workout routine after being sidelined by injuries.