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Pharmacy Clinical Policy Bulletins
Aetna Medicare Prescription Drug Plan
Subject: Angiotensin Converting Enzyme Inhibitors/Combinations

Status Drug PR-B/D PR PR-QL PR-AL ST M EX‡ TOC§
C Altace®  (ramipril)     X        
C benazepril     X        
C benazepril/hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ)              
C captopril     X        
C captopril/HCTZ              
C enalapril     X        
C enalapril/HCTZ              
C fosinopril     X        
C fosinopril/HCTZ              
C lisinopril     X        
C lisinopril/HCTZ              
C quinapril     X        
C quinaretic     X        
NC Accupril®  (quinapril)     X   X X  
NC Accuretic®  (quinapril/HCTZ)         X X  
NC Aceon®  (perindopril)     X   X X X
NC Capoten®  (captopril)     X   X X  
NC Capozide®  (captopril/HCTZ)         X X  
NC Lotensin HCT®  (benazepril/HCTZ)         X X  
NC Lotensin®  (benazepril)     X   X X  
NC Mavik®  (trandolapril)     X   X X X
NC Monopril HCT®  (fosinopril/HCTZ)         X X  
NC Monopril®  (fosinopril)     X   X X  
NC Prinivil®  (lisinopril)     X   X X  
NC Prinzide®  (lisinopril/HCTZ)         X X  
NC Uniretic®  (moexipril/HCTZ)         X X X
NC Univasc®  (moexipril)     X   X X X
NC Vaseretic®  (enalapril/HCTZ)         X X  
NC Vasotec®  (enalapril)     X   X X  
NC Zestorectic®  (lisinopril/HCTZ)         X X  
NC Zestril®  (lisinopril)     X   X X  


Policy:

  1. Precertification Criteria
  2. Under some plans, including plans that use an open or closed formulary, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors Accupril, Aceon, Altace, benazepril, Capoten, captopril, enalapril, fosinopril, lisinopril, Lotensin, Mavik, Monopril, Prinivil, quinapril, Univasc, Vasotec, and Zestril are subject to precertification.  If precertification requirements apply, Aetna considers these to be medically necessary for those members who meet the following precertification criteria:

    A.  Quantity limits: 

    According to the manufacturer, the angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors Accupril, Aceon, Altace, benazepril, Capoten, captopril, enalapril, fosinopril, lisinopril, Lotensin, Mavik, Monopril, Prinivil, quinapril, Univasc, Vasotec and Zestril can be dosed up to a maximum daily dose at the interval(s) as indicated in the table below. A quantity of each drug will be considered medically necessary as indicated in the table below:

    Drug Maximum Daily Dose/ Dosing Interval Dosage Strength Quantity Limits

    quinapril
    Accupril

    80 mg/ once or twice daily 5 mg, 10 mg, 20 mg Up to 60 tablets in 30 days

    quinapril
    Accupril

    80 mg/ once or twice daily 40 mg None

    Aceon

    16 mg/ once or twice daily 2 mg, 4 mg Up to 60 tablets in 30 days

    Aceon

    16 mg/ once or twice daily 8 mg None

    Altace

    20 mg/ once or twice daily 1.25 mg, 2.5 mg, 5 mg Up to 60 capsules in 30 days

    Altace

    20 mg/ once or twice daily 10 mg None

    captopril
    Capoten

    450 mg/ twice or three times daily 12.5 mg, 25 mg, 50 mg, Up to 90 tablets in 30 days

    captopril
    Capoten

    450 mg/ twice or three times daily 100 mg None

    benazepril
    Lotensin

    80 mg/ once or twice daily 5 mg, 10 mg, 20 mg Up to 60 tablets in 30 days

    benazepril
    Lotensin

    80 mg/ once or twice daily 40 mg None

    Mavik

    8 mg/ once or twice daily 1 mg, 2 mg Up to 60 tablets in 30 days

    Mavik

    8 mg/ once or twice daily 4 mg None

    fosinopril
    Monopril

    80 mg/ once or twice daily 10 mg, 20 mg Up to 60 tablets in 30 days

    fosinopril
    Monopril

    80 mg/ once or twice daily 40 mg None

    lisinopril
    Prinivil
    Zestril

    80 mg/ once daily 2.5 mg, 5 mg, 10 mg, 20 mg, 30 mg Up to 60 tablets in 30 days

    lisinopril
    Prinivil
    Zestril

    80 mg/ once daily 40 mg None

    Univasc

    30 mg/ once or twice daily 7.5 mg Up to 60 tablets in 30 days

    Univasc

    30 mg/ once or twice daily 15 mg None

    enalapril
    Vasotec

    40 mg/ once or twice daily 2.5 mg, 5 mg, 10 mg Up to 60 tablets in 30 days

    enalapril
    Vasotec

    40 mg/ once or twice daily 20 mg None


    For coverage of additional quantities, a member's treating physician must request prior authorization through the Pharmacy Management Precertification Unit. Additional quantities of these angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors will be considered medically necessary for those members who meet ANY of the following criteria:

    • Member requires a dose including half tablets OR
    • Member's dose is being titrated by physician (3-month limit) OR
    • Member has had intolerance to drug administered as a single daily dose OR
    • Member has failed the maximum labeled dose AND has a therapeutic response to a higher dose OR
    • Member's physician provides documentation (controlled clinical trial) from the peer-reviewed medical literature for use of a higher dose.


  3. Step Therapy Criteria
  4. Under some plans, including plans that use an open or closed formulary, Aceon, Accupril, Accuretic, Capoten, Capozide, Lotensin, Lotensin HCT, Mavik, Monopril, Monopril HCT, Prinivil, Prinzide, Uniretic, Univasc, Vasotec, Vaseretic, Zestril and Zestoretic are subject to step-therapy.  Aetna considers Aceon, Accupril, Accuretic, Capoten, Capozide, Lotensin, Lotensin HCT, Mavik, Monopril, Prinivil, Prinzide, Univasc, Vasotec, Vaseretic, Zestril and Zestoretic to be medically necessary for those members who meet the following step-therapy criterion:

    A documented trial of one month of a covered generic alternative on the Aetna Medicare Preferred Drug List.

    If it is medically necessary for a member to be treated initially with a medication subject to step-therapy, or if the member meets transition of coverage (TOC) criteria for a medication subject to TOC, the member's treating physician may contact the Aetna Pharmacy Management Precertification Unit to request coverage as a medical exception at 1-800-414-2386. (See criteria under section III below.)

  5. Medical Exception Criteria
  6. Aceon, Accupril, Accuretic, Capoten, Capozide, Lotensin, Lotensin HCT, Mavik, Monopril, Monopril HCT, Prinivil, Prinzide, Uniretic, Univasc, Vasotec, Vaseretic, Zestril and Zestoretic are currently Not Covered Part D drugs under the Aetna Medicare Prescription Drug Plan.* Therefore, they are excluded from coverage for members enrolled in prescription drug benefit plans that use a closed formulary, unless a medical exception is granted.  Aetna considers Aceon, Accupril, Accuretic, Capoten, Capozide, Lotensin, Lotensin HCT, Mavik, Monopril, Monopril HCT, Prinivil, Prinzide, Uniretic, Univasc, Vasotec, Vaseretic, Zestril or Zestoretic to be medically necessary for those members who meet the criteria as specified below:


    For Accupril, Accuretic, Capoten, Capozide, Lotensin, Lotensin HCT, Monopril, Monopril HCT, Prinivil, Prinzide, Vasotec, Vaseretic, Zestril and Zestoretic:

    A documented:

    • Contraindication to the drug's generic equivalent indicated for the member's condition OR
    • Intolerance to the drug's generic equivalent indicated for the member's condition OR
    • Allergy to the drug's generic equivalent indicated for the member's condition OR
    • Failure of an adequate trial of one month the drug's generic equivalent indicated for the member's condition


    For Aceon, Mavik, and Univasc:

    A.   A documented:

    • Intolerance to two covered angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor (ACEI) alternative indicated for the member's condition OR
    • Contraindication to two covered angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor (ACEI) alternative indicated for the member's condition OR
    • Allergy to two covered angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor (ACEI) alternative indicated for the member's condition OR
    • Failure of an adequate trial of one month of two covered angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor (ACEI) alternative indicated for the member's condition. 

         OR

    B.  Transition of Coverage:

    • Member is within 90 days of his or her effective date of enrollment
    • Member is stable on Aceon, Mavik, or Univasc for 30 days or longer

    If applicable, quantity limits, age or gender edits will apply.  Approval is valid one year from the date of request.

    If the member has been a Medicare member for 91 days or longer and is not residing in a LTC facility then standard precertification, step-therapy, or medical exception criteria will apply.


    For Uniretic:

    A.   A documented:

    • Contraindication to two covered generic combination alternative indicated for the member's condition OR
    • Intolerance to two covered generic combination alternative indicated for the member's condition OR
    • Allergy to two covered generic combination alternative indicated for the member's condition OR
    • Failure of an adequate trial of two month of one covered generic combination alternative indicated for the member's condition. 

    OR

    B.    Transition of Coverage:

    • Member is within 90 days of his or her effective date of enrollment
    • Member is stable on Uniretic for 30 days or longer

    If applicable, quantity limits, age or gender edits will apply.  Approval is valid one year from the date of request.

    If the member has been a Medicare member for 91 days or longer and is not residing in a LTC facility then standard precertification, step-therapy, or medical exception criteria will apply.

* Coverage is provided through a Medicare Prescription Drug Plan Sponsor with a Medicare contract and benefits, limitations, service areas and premiums are subject to change on January 1 of each year.

Place of Service:

Outpatient

The above policy is based on the following references:
  1. Tu K et al.  The Striking Effect of the Heart Outcomes Prevention evaluation (HOPE) on Ramipiril Prescribing in Ontario.  CMAJ 2003; 168:  553-7.
  2. Maia LN et al.  Prospective Evaluation Comparing the Effects of Enalapril and Losartan in Left ventricular Remodeling After acute Myocardial Infarction.  Am Heart J. 2003; 145:  E21.
  3. PROGRESS Collaborative Group.  Effects of a Perindopril-Based Blood Pressure Lowering Regimen on Cardiac Outcomes among Patients with Cerebrovascular Disease.  Eur Heart J. 2003;24:475-84.
  4. Wing LM et al.  A Comparison of Outcomes with Angiotensin-Converting-Enzyme Inhibitors and Diuretics for Hypertension in the Elderly.  N Engl J Med. 2003; 348:  583-92.
  5. Dickstein K et al.  Effects of Losartan and Captopril on Mortality and Morbidity in High-Risk Patients After Acute Myocardial Infarction:  The OPTIMAAL Randomized Trial.  Lancet. 2002; 360:  752-60.
  6. White WB, MD et al.  Preventing Increases in Early-Morning Blood Pressure, Heart Rate, and the Rate-Pressure Product with Controlled Onset Extended Release Verapamil at Bedtime Versus Enalapril, Losartan, and Placebo on Arising.  Am Heart J.  2002; 144:  657-65.
  7. Wright JT, MD, PhD et al.  Effect of Blood Pressure Lowering and Antihypertensive Drug Class on Progression of Hypertensive Kidney Disease (Results From the AASK Trial).  JAMA.  2002; 288:  2421-31.
  8. Cordonnier, et al.  Role of ACE Inhibitors in Patients with Diabetes Mellitus. Drugs 2001:61 (13):1883-1892.
  9. Mann, JFE, et al.  Renal Insufficiency as a Predictor of Cardiovascular Outcomes and the Impact of Ramipril:  The HOPE Randomized Trial. Ann Intern Med.  April 17, 2001;134(8):629-636.
  10. Chalmers, J, et al.  PROGRESS Management Committee, PROGRESS (Perindopril Protection Against Recurrent Stroke Study): regional characteristics of the study population at baseline. J of Hypertension. 2000,1(suppl 1):S13-S19.
  11. Hurst, M, Jarvis, Blair.  Perindopril, An Updated Review of its Use in Hypertension. AIDS Drugs 2001;61(6):867-96.
  12. Pfeffer MA, et al. The continuation of the Prevention of Events with Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibition (PEACE) Trial. Am Heart J. September 2001;142(3).
  13. Devereux, RB, et al.  Effects of Once-Daily Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibition and Calcium Channel Blockade-Based Antihypertensive Treatment Regimens on Left Ventricular Hypertrophy and Diastolic Filling in Hypertension, The Prospective Randomized Enalapril Study Evaluating Regression of Ventricular Enlargement  (PRESERVE) Trial.  Circulation.  September 11, 2001;1041248-1254.
  14. Cutler J.  Which drug for treatment of hypertension? Lancet 1999;353:604-05.
  15. Parmley WW.  Evolution of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibition in hypertension, heart failure, and vascular protection.  Am J Med. 1998; 105(1A): 27S-31S.
  16. Domanski MJ et al.  Effect of angiotensin converting enzyme inhibition on sudden cardiac death in patients following acute myocardial infarction.  A meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials. J Am Coll Cardiol. 1999;33:598-604.
  17. Rangoonwala B, Rosenthal J.  Management of hypertension and its sequelae with ACE inhibitors: biochemical, pharmacological and clinical aspects.  In J Clin Pract. 1998;52:492-500.
  18. Davies MK, Gibbs GR, Lip GYH.  ABC of heart failure: Management: diuretics, ACE inhibitors, and nitrates.  BMJ. 2000;320:428-31.
  19. Pitt B, Poole-Wilson PA, Segal R, et al.  Effect of losartan compared with captopril on mortality in patients with symptomatic heart failure: randomized trial - the Losartan heart Failure Survival Study ELITE II.  Lancet. 200;355:1582-87.
  20. Flather MD, Yusuf S, Kaber L, et al.  Long-term ACE-inhibitor therapy inpatients with heart failure or left-ventricular dysfunction; a systematic overview of data from individual patients.  Lancet. 2000;355:1575-81.
  21. Krum H, Karrasch J, Hamer A, et al.  Effect of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor dosing interval on functional parameters in patients with chronic heart failure.  Am Heart J.  1998;135:237-41.
  22. The Heart Outcomes Prevention Evaluation Study Investigators.  Effect of an angiotensin-converting-enzyme inhibitor, ramipril, on cardiovascular events in high-risk patients.  N Engl J Med. 2000;342:145-53.
  23. Chaturvedi N.  HOPE and extension of the indications for ACE inhibitors?  Lancet. 2000;355:246-7.
  24. Heart Outcomes Prevention Evaluation (HOPE) Study Investigators.  Effects of ramipril on cardiovascular and microvascular outcomes in people with diabetes mellitus: results of the HOPE study and MICRO-HOPE substudy.  Lancet. 2000;355:253-59.
  25. Francis GS.  ACE inhibition in cardiovascular disease.  N Engl J Med. 2000;342:201-2.
  26. Exner DV, et al.  Lesser Response to Angiotensin-Converting-Enzyme Inhibitor Therapy in Black as Compared with White Patients with Left Ventricular Dysfunction. N Engl J Med. May 3, 2001;344(18): 1351-7.
  27. Agondoa LY, et al.  Effect of Ramipril vs. Amlodipine on Renal Outcomes in Hypertensive Nephrosclerosis, A Randomized Controlled Trial.  JAMA. June 6, 2001;285(21):2719-2728.
  28. Swislocki AL et al. Renal Effects of Angiotensin-Converting-Enzymes Inhibitors that Result in Cost Savings and Improved Patient Outcomes. Am J Managed Care.  March 2001;7(3):283-295.
  29. Borghi C et al. Clinical Investigations Acute Ischemic Heart Disease, Short- and Long-term effects of early fosinopril administration in patients with acute anterior myocardial infarction undergoing intravenous thrombolysis: Results from the Fosinopril in Acute Myocardial Infarction Study.  Am Heart J. 1998 Aug;136(2):213-25.
  30. The ACE Inhibitors in Diabetic Nephropathy Trialist Group, Should All Patients with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus and Microalbuminuria Receive Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors? Ann Inter Med. March 6, 2001;134(5):370-79.
  31. Krumhotz HM, et al. Aspirin and Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors Among Elderly Survivors of Hospitalization for an Acute Myocardial Infarction. Arch Intern Med. February 26, 2001;161:538-544.
  32. Massie BM, et al. Toleration of High Doses of Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors in Patients with Chronic Heart Failure, Results from the ATLAS Trial. Arch Intern Med. January 22, 2001;161:165-171.
  33. Lonn, EM, et al. Effects of Ramipril and Vitamin E on Atherosclerosis, The Study to Evaluate Carotid Ultrasound Changes in Patients Treated with Ramipril and Vitamin E (SECURE). Circulation. February 20, 2001;103:919-25.
  34. Mason, JM, et al.  Safety and costs of initiating angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors for heart failure in primary care: analysis of individual patient data from studies of left ventricular dysfunction. BMJ. November 4, 2000;321:1113-1116.
  35. Echemann, M et al.  Determinants of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor prescription in severe heart failure with left ventricular systolic dysfunction: The EPICAL study. Am Heart J. April, 2000;139(4).
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  40. Vasan, RS, et al. Impact of High Normal Blood Pressure on the Risk of Cardiovascular Disease. N Engl J Med. November 1, 2001;345(18):1291-7.
  41. Yusuf S., et al. Ramipril and the Development of Diabetes. JAMA. October 17, 2001;286(15): 1882-1885.
  42. Jafar TH, et al. Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors and Progression of Nondiabetic Renal Disease, A meta-analysis of patient-level data. Ann Intern Med. July 17, 2001;135(2):73-87.
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  44. ALLHAT Officers and Coordinators.  Major Outcomes in High-Risk Hypertensive Patients Randomized to Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitor or Calcium Channel Blocker vs Diuretic. The Antihypertensive and Lipid-Lowering Treatment to Prevent Heart Attack Trial (ALLHAT).  JAMA 2002; 288: 2981-97.
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  53. Hirsch AT, Haskal ZJ, Hertzer NR, et al. ACC/AHA Guidelines for the Management of Patients With (Lower Extremity, Renal, Mesenteric, and Abdominal Aortic): A Collaborative Report From the AAVS/SVS, SCAI, SIR, SVMB, and the ACC/AHA Task Force on Practice Guidelines (Writing Committee to Develop Guidelines for the Management of Patients With Peripheral Artierial Disease). American College of Cardiology Web Site. Available at: http://www.acc.org/clinical/guidelines/pad/index/pdf as of 2/3/06.
Property of Aetna Inc. All rights reserved. Pharmacy Clinical Policy Bulletins are developed by Aetna to assist in administering plan benefits and constitute neither offers of coverage nor medical advice. This Clinical Policy Bulletin contains only a partial, general description of plan or program benefits and does not constitute a contract. Aetna does not provide health care services and, therefore, cannot guarantee any results or outcomes. Participating providers are independent contractors in private practice and are neither employees nor agents of Aetna or its affiliates. Treating providers are solely responsible for medical advice and treatment of members. This Clinical Policy Bulletin may be updated and therefore is subject to change.

September 25, 2006
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