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Aetna Medicare
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Pharmacy Clinical Policy Bulletins
Aetna Medicare Prescription Drug Plan
Subject: Cephalosporins

Status Drug PR-B/D PR PR-QL PR-AL ST M EX‡ TOC§
C cefaclor, er              
C cefadroxil              
C cefdinir              
C cefepime inj              
C cefotetan/dextrose inj              
C cefpodoxime proxetil              
C cefprozil              
C ceftazidime inj              
C cefuroxime axetil              
C cephalexin              
C ceftriaxone inj              
C Maxipime inj®  (cefepime)              
NC Ceclor CD®;Ceclor ®  (cefaclor, er)           X  
NC Cedax®  (ceftibutin)           X  
NC Ceftin®  (cefuroxime)           X  
NC Cefzil®  (Cefzil)           X  
NC Duricef®  (cefadroxil)           X  
NC Fortaz®  (ceftazidime inj)           X  
NC Keflex®  (cephalexin)           X  
NC Lorabid®  (loracarbef)           X  
NC Omnicef®  (cefdinir)           X  
NC Panixine™  (cephalexin disperse tab)           X  
NC Raniclor™  (cefaclor chew tab)           X  
NC Rocephin®  (ceftriaxone inj)           X  
NC Spectracef®  (cefditoren pivoxil)           X  
NC Suprax®  (cefixime)           X  
NC Vantin®  (cefpodoxime)           X  


Policy:

  1. Medical Exception Criteria
  2. Cedax, Ceclor, Ceclor CD, Ceftin, Cefzil, Duricef, Fortaz, Keflex, Lorabid, Omnicef, Panixine, Raniclor, Rocephin, Spectracef, Suprax and Vantin are currently Not Covered Part D drugs under the Aetna Medicare Prescription Drug Plan.* Therefore, they are excluded from coverage for members enrolled in prescription drug benefit plans that use a closed formulary, unless a medical exception is granted.  Aetna considers Cedax, Ceclor, Ceclor CD, Ceftin, Cefzil, Duricef, Fortaz, Keflex, Lorabid, Omnicef, Panixine, Raniclor, Rocephin, Spectracef, Suprax and Vantin to be medically necessary for those members who meet any of the following criteria:

    For Cedax, Ceclor, Ceclor CD, Ceftin, Cefzil, Duricef, Fortaz, Keflex, Lorabid, Omnicef,  Panixine, Raniclor, Spectracef, Suprax and Vantin

    A.  A documented:

    • Contraindication to two covered alternatives indicated for the member's condition (see table below), one of which was a covered cephalosporin OR,
    • Intolerance to two covered alternatives indicated for the member's condition (see table below), one of which was a covered cephalosporin OR,
    • Allergy to two covered alternatives indicated for the member's condition (see table below), one of which was a covered cephalosporin OR,
    • Documented lack of bacterial sensitivity to two covered alternatives indicated for the member's condition (see table below), one of which was a covered cephalosporin OR,
    • Failure of an adequate trial of 3 days each of two covered alternatives indicated for the member's condition (see table below), one of which was a covered cephalosporin.

    For Rocephin inj

    A documented:

    • Contraindication to the covered generic equivalent OR,
    • Intolerance to the covered generic equivalent OR,
    • Allergy to the covered generic equivalent OR
    • Failure of an adequate trial of 3 days of the covered generic equivalent.

    Indication

    Covered Alternatives

    Skin/structure infection

    amoxicillin
    amoxicillin/clavulanate
    ampicillin

    azithromycin
    cefadroxil
    cefdinir
    cefepime

    cefpodoxime proxetil
    cefuroxime
    cephalexin
    ciprofloxacin

    clarithromycin
    cloxacillin
    dicloxacillin
    erythromycin
    moxifloxacin (AVELOX®)
    penicillin VK

    Pharyngitis

    amoxicillin
    ampicillin

    azithromycin
    cefadroxil
    cefdinir

    cefpodoxime proxetil
    cephalexin
    cefuroxime

    clarithromycin
    erythromycin
    penicillin VK

    Ear, Nose and Throat

    amoxicillin
    amoxicillin/clavulanate
    ampicillin

    azithromycin
    cefadroxil

    cefdinir

    cefpodoxime proxetil
    cefuroxime
    cephalexin
    ciprofloxacin

    clarithromycin
    erythromycin
    penicillin VK
    sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim (cotrimoxazole)
    sulfisoxazole/erythromycin

    Urinary tract infection

    amoxicillin

    amoxicillin/clavulanate
    ampicillin
    cefadroxil
    cefepime
    cefuroxime

    cefpodoxime proxetil
    cephalexin
    methenamine combinations
    nitrofurantoin
    sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim (cotrimoxazole)
    sulfisoxazole
    trimethoprim


     


Place of Service:

Outpatient

The above policy is based on the following references:
  1. (online through Stat!Ref). Thomson MICROMEDEX, Greenwood Village, Colorado; 2004.
  2. McEvoy GK, editor. American Hospital Formulary Service First Professional Edition (Stat Ref online). Bethesda, Maryland 2004..
  3. Medical Economics, Inc., PDR Electronic Library. Thomson Medical Economics, Montvale, NJ; 2003.
  4. Olin BR, editor. Drugs Facts and Comparisons (electronic online version). St. Louis: J.B. Lippincott Company, 2004.
  5. Medispan Drug Information. 2004.
  6. Product  Information Insert. Spectracef TM tablets,  Purdue Pharmaceuticals, Stamford, CT  August 2003.
  7. Product Information Insert.  Cedax  capsules,suspensio; BioVail Pharmaceuticals Inc. Morrisville , NC March 2002.
  8. Product Information Insert. Duricef® tablets, suspension; Bristol-Myers Squibb, Princeton, NJ February 2000.
  9. Product Information Insert. Ceftin® tablets, suspension; Glaxo SmithKline, Research Triangle Park, NC September  2003.
  10. Product Information Insert. Cefzil® tablets, suspension; Bristol-Myers Squibb, Princeton, NJ June 2002.
  11. Product Information Insert. Lorabid® capsules, suspension; Eli Lilly and Co., Indianapolis, IN May 2002.
  12. Product Information Insert. Vantin® tablets, suspension; Pharmacia and Upjohn Company, Kalamazoo, Michigan August 2003.
  13. Product Information Insert. Suprax® tablets, suspension; Lederle Pharmacetuical, Pearl River, NY 10965.
  14. Product Information Insert. Omnicef® capsules, suspension; Abbott Laboratories, North Chicago, IL October 2001.
  15. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. “2002 Guidelines for Treatment of Sexually Transmitted Diseases”. MMWR 2002; 51(RR06); 1-170
  16. Sandford, Jay P., Gilbert, David N., Moellering, R.C. Sande, M.A.: Sandford Guide: Guide to Antimicrobial Therapy, 34st edition, Copyright 2004, Antimicrobial Therapy Inc. Hyde Park, Vt
  17. Guay, David. Formulary Forum: Cefdinir: An Extended-Spectrum Oral Cephalosporin. The Annals of Pharmacotherapy 2000; 34: 1469-77.
  18. Fick DM, Cooper JW, Wade WE, et al.  Updating the Beers criteria for potentially inappropriate medication use in older adults.  Arch Intern Med. 2003;163:2716-24.
  19. Zahn C, Sangl J, Bierman AS, et al.  Potentially inappropriate medication use in the community-dwelling elderly.  JAMA.  2001;286:2823-29
Property of Aetna Inc. All rights reserved. Pharmacy Clinical Policy Bulletins are developed by Aetna to assist in administering plan benefits and constitute neither offers of coverage nor medical advice. This Clinical Policy Bulletin contains only a partial, general description of plan or program benefits and does not constitute a contract. Aetna does not provide health care services and, therefore, cannot guarantee any results or outcomes. Participating providers are independent contractors in private practice and are neither employees nor agents of Aetna or its affiliates. Treating providers are solely responsible for medical advice and treatment of members. This Clinical Policy Bulletin may be updated and therefore is subject to change.

November 16, 2007
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